{"id":1631,"date":"2021-04-11T00:00:34","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T19:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/2021\/?page_id=1631"},"modified":"2021-07-17T11:29:50","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T06:59:50","slug":"in-search-of-peace","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/in-search-of-peace\/","title":{"rendered":"In Search of Peace for Afghanistan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1631\" class=\"elementor elementor-1631\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d2d95f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d2d95f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b615f51\" data-id=\"b615f51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f727c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"73f727c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/in-search-of-peace-for-afghanistan\/%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81\/2021\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/In-Search-of-Peace-Mockup.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1856\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/In-Search-of-Peace-Mockup.png 850w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/In-Search-of-Peace-Mockup-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/In-Search-of-Peace-Mockup-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b0ae5c\" data-id=\"7b0ae5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d87b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83d87b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In Search of Peace for Afghanistan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebcf845 eael-dual-header-content-align-left eael-dual-header-content-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-dual-color-header\" data-id=\"ebcf845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-dual-color-header.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-dual-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"subtext\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"title eael-dch-title\"><span class=\"eael-dch-title-text eael-dch-title-lead lead solid-color\"><\/span> <span class=\"eael-dch-title-text\">Historical Letters of President Najibullah and Dr. M. Hassan Kakar <\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-dch-svg-icon\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e8d068 eael-dual-header-content-align-left eael-dual-header-content-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-dual-color-header\" data-id=\"4e8d068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-dual-color-header.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-dual-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"subtext\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"title eael-dch-title\"><span class=\"eael-dch-title-text eael-dch-title-lead lead solid-color\"><\/span> <span class=\"eael-dch-title-text\">A Collection of Essays<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-dch-svg-icon\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d6539a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6d6539a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768d3c4 eael-dual-header-content-align-left eael-dual-header-content-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-dual-color-header\" data-id=\"768d3c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-dual-color-header.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-dual-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"subtext\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"title eael-dch-title\"><span class=\"eael-dch-title-text eael-dch-title-lead lead solid-color\">Edited by<\/span> <span class=\"eael-dch-title-text\">Jawan Shir Rasikh<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-dch-svg-icon\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ceb65 eael-dual-header-content-align-left eael-dual-header-content-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-dual-color-header\" data-id=\"24ceb65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-dual-color-header.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-dual-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"subtext\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"title eael-dch-title\"><span class=\"eael-dch-title-text eael-dch-title-lead lead solid-color\">with a <\/span> <span class=\"eael-dch-title-text\">Foreword by Lakhdar Brahimi<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-dch-svg-icon\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc08bac eael-dual-header-content-align-left eael-dual-header-content-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-dual-color-header\" data-id=\"dc08bac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-dual-color-header.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-dual-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"subtext\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"title eael-dch-title\"><span class=\"eael-dch-title-text eael-dch-title-lead lead solid-color\">Language <\/span> <span class=\"eael-dch-title-text\">English <\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-dch-svg-icon\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36f4340 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36f4340\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b46682\" data-id=\"2b46682\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac9138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ac9138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>In Search of Peace for Afghanistan<\/strong> is a collection of twenty-two essays on war and peace making in contemporary Afghanistan. The volume is inspired by the discovery in 2019 of three historical letters of President Najibullah and historian M. Hassan Kakar. In the correspondence, exchanged in 1990, Najibullah and Kakar speak candidly about the hopes and desires of the Afghan people for peace, about plans to bring peace to their country, and about the national and regional-global actors, factors, and obstacles concerning the states of war and peace then in post-Soviet Afghanistan. The contributors to this volume, all established and emerging Afghan and international scholars, public intellectuals, and former and current members of civil society, policy, and state institutions, offer critical analyses of the correspondence, and fresh perspectives on historical and political themes related to the past and current peacemaking processes and efforts. They also offer insights on modern Afghan state-society-relations, public and political spaces, post-conflict society and development, and the role of non-Afghan, wider regional state and non-state actors and geopolitics, and present comparative examples of successful peace negotiations and best practices in international conflict resolution.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-878240d\" data-id=\"878240d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36e6df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36e6df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aaf95bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aaf95bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf2923a\" data-id=\"cf2923a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d4f58e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d4f58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relevant Articles<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-941e16d relevantArticles elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"941e16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mondediplo.com\/outsidein\/afghanistan-narrative\" target=\"_blank\">The battle for narrative in Afghanistan<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49f799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f49f799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">by Tanya Goudsouzian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-801edbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"801edbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As foreign forces depart from Afghanistan, boldface news headlines report Taliban victories sweeping through the country, with little mention of Afghan successes. Pundits have drawn comparisons between today\u2019s state of affairs and the 1989 Soviet troop withdrawal or, even more dire, the fall of Saigon in 1975 with its iconic photos of helicopters on the rooftop of the US embassy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4d16aa\" data-id=\"f4d16aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-376d403 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"376d403\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d1f950\" data-id=\"8d1f950\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f085e09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f085e09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Other Books<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525419e elementor-grid-6 elementor-grid-mobile-2 elementor-grid-tablet-6 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"525419e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-48 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-31\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/political-history-of-afghanistan\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-205x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-57\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-698x1024.jpg 698w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-768x1126.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-1048x1536.jpg 1048w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled-1397x2048.jpg 1397w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/political-history-of-Afghanistan-scaled.jpg 1637w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/political-history-of-afghanistan\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tA Political and Diplomatic History of Afghanistan 1863-1901\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2589 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-31\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghan-afghanistan-and-organization-of-the-state-in-india-and-afghanistan\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"209\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-209x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-3225\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-768x1104.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-1069x1536.jpg 1069w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-1425x2048.jpg 1425w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Afghan-Afghanistan-1-scaled.jpg 1670w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghan-afghanistan-and-organization-of-the-state-in-india-and-afghanistan\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAfghan, Afghanistan and Organization of the State in India and Afghanistan\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2540 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-31\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghanistan-a-study-in-internal-political-developments-1880-1896\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/book4-min-191x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2547\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/book4-min-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/book4-min.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghanistan-a-study-in-internal-political-developments-1880-1896\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAfghanistan, A Study in Internal Political Developments, 1880-1896\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-46 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-31\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghanistan\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Afghanistan-front-198x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-53\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Afghanistan-front-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Afghanistan-front.jpg 330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghanistan\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAfghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-8924 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghans-at-war-with-the-russians-in-the-spring-of-1966\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-210x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-8901\" alt=\"\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0634\u067e\u06d0\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u0631\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-718x1024.jpg 718w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-768x1095.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-1077x1536.jpg 1077w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1-1436x2048.jpg 1436w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Afghanistan-in-1366-1.jpg 1739w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/afghans-at-war-with-the-russians-in-the-spring-of-1966\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAfghans at war with the Russians in the spring of 1966\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-10173 book type-book status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/constitutionalism-movement-a-national-and-afghan-movement\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-212x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9950\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-725x1024.jpg 725w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-768x1084.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-1088x1536.jpg 1088w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-1451x2048.jpg 1451w, https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Book-2-Front-Cover-UNIFIED-scaled.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/book\/constitutionalism-movement-a-national-and-afghan-movement\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tConstitutionalism Movement; A National and Afghan Movement\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Search of Peace for Afghanistan Historical Letters of President Najibullah and Dr. M. Hassan Kakar A Collection of Essays Edited by Jawan Shir Rasikh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8163,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1631","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1631"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1631\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kakarfoundation.net\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}